1.2 million year old hominid from Spain
Eudald Carbonell and many colleagues report on a partial mandible from Sima del Elefante, one of the caves at Atapuerca, Spain:
The earliest hominin occupation of Europe is one of the most debated topics in palaeoanthropology. However, the purportedly oldest of the Early Pleistocene sites in Eurasia lack precise age control and contain stone tools rather than human fossil remains. Here we report the discovery of a human mandible associated with an assemblage of Mode 1 lithic tools and faunal remains bearing traces of hominin processing, in stratigraphic level TE9 at the site of the Sima del Elefante, Atapuerca, Spain. Level TE9 has been dated to the Early Pleistocene (approximately 1.2-1.1 Myr), based on a combination of palaeomagnetism, cosmogenic nuclides and biostratigraphy. The Sima del Elefante site thus emerges as the oldest, most accurately dated record of human occupation in Europe, to our knowledge. The study of the human mandible suggests that the first settlement of Western Europe could be related to an early demographic expansion out of Africa. The new evidence, with previous findings in other Atapuerca sites (level TD6 from Gran Dolina), also suggests that a speciation event occurred in this extreme area of the Eurasian continent during the Early Pleistocene, initiating the hominin lineage represented by the TE9 and TD6 hominins.
There's not a lot to add. The mandibular fragment is toward the small end of sizes represented in early Homo of earlier or equivalent age. The authors also present some details about the archaeological assemblage associated with the mandible, which is sparse with only 32 artifacts.
This is an extension of the story published last July, at which point I wrote:
Not much more to say, really.
Well, sometimes things really are self-explanatory!
References:
Carbonell E and 29 others. 2008. The first hominin of Europe. Nature 452:465-469. doi:10.1038/nature06815
An old Spanish tooth
National Geographic News has a short article about the tooth from Sima del Elefante, Atapuerca.
The team notes that the tooth's age, dated at around 1.2 million years old, is similar to that of stone tools and animal fossils bearing human-tool cut marks uncovered at sites in Spain, France, and Italy.
"Now we finally have the anatomical evidence of the [early humans] that fabricated tools more than one million years ago," the team said in a statement.
The researchers added that they are waiting for final analysis of the tooth before publishing their findings in a scientific journal.
Not much more to say, really.
John Hawks Department of Anthropology
University of Wisconsin—Madison
Copyright © 2007 John Hawks