john hawks weblog

paleoanthropology, genetics and evolution

meetings

  • If we can describe a poster as beautiful, it is because it communicates effectively

    Fri, 2013-03-08 08:06 -- John Hawks

    Zen Faulkes, on why beautiful, well-made scientific poster presentations are not just an exercise in catching attention for oneself: "More than marketing".

    I also had a little l’esprit de l’escalier on what a well-designed poster says about its creator. It shows that you understand what is important. A poster almost always demands you leave stuff out, which means you have to make decisions about what to include, exclude, and emphasize. Thus, you can only arrive at a beautiful, well-made poster if you have a deep understanding of the research you are presenting on it.

    A well-made poster shows mastery of the material, not just tricks to grab attention.

    It's that time of year again, when people are designing poster presentations for the AAPA meetings. If you haven't before, check out Zen's "Better Posters" site.

  • Crowdsourcing paleoecology

    Mon, 2013-01-07 23:55 -- John Hawks

    Jacqueline Gill reports on a conference with a provocative organization: "Crowd-sourcing the 50 most pressing questions in paleoecology".

    Conference attendees (of which I believe were around 60) were emailed the questions in advance, and asked to narrow them down to each of our own individual top fifty, as well as rank which subgroups we were most interested in– I ended up in Biodiversity Through Time. Every subgroup had a scribe (to record information about which questions were particularly contentious, or when concerns or points were raised), a chair, and a co-chair (for organizational and time-keeping purposes). Each subgroup was given dozens of questions, organized into loose themes, that we had to narrow down to twenty in the first day. This process was much more complex that it initially sounds– after an initial round of voting, there was a considerable amount of discussion, word-smithing, and merging of questions.

    What a neat idea -- a conference with a real agenda and public product at the end of it. Like paleoanthropology, paleoecology is a field where data are hard to obtain and require very specialized analytical methods. Getting the public involved in the science means finding ways to get people engaged in the questions and hypothesis formation. A ranking of important questions is a great idea, and may help to shape granting priorities.

  • AAA Meetings watch

    Tue, 2012-11-13 16:54 -- John Hawks

    I will be at the American Anthropological Association meetings in San Francisco for the rest of the week. If you're an anthropologist, I hope to see you there! Remember you can tweet me @johnhawks and I'll be following some of the sessions while tweeting on the #aaa2012 hashtag.

    I will be participating in an exciting podium session on Saturday afternoon, organized by Jamie Clark and Adam Van Arsdale. Adam has a list of the talks in the session, which includes some really great young anthropologists from cultural, archaeological, and biological perspectives.

    Here's my abstract, which is a pretty strong statement of where I think the biological species concept applies to archaic humans:

    Neandertal Genetics: Drawing a New Boundary for Humanity

    John Hawks (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

    Genetic information from ancient skeletons has transformed our understanding of human origins. For more than 160 years, anthropologists defined humanity in contrast to the Neandertals. Now it is clear that the genealogical ties between living people include Neandertals and other archaic humans within our biological species. An accounting of the shared genetic ancestry in humans worldwide and the ancient Neandertal and Denisova genomes helps to show the pattern of population structure in the Middle Pleistocene populations that gave rise to modern humans. Our species included variations that no longer exist today, while our evolution within the last 100,000 years has been a process of amalgamation and rejoining of populations that were once much more different. As we redraw our genealogical boundaries to recognize this pattern of relationships and evolution, we are beginning to discover the way that the present traits of humans around the world emerged in a variable population.

  • A Neandertal research report

    Mon, 2012-10-01 10:15 -- John Hawks

    Rebecca Wragg Sykes went to the European Society for Human Evolution meetings last week and reports on some of the Neandertal-related research presentations: "ESHE 2012 Meeting Report: Neanderthal Edition!".

    Predictably there were some disputes during questions for papers, mainly regarding issues surrounding the dating of the industries termed "transitional": the Chatelperronian in SW France and also some Spanish sites following a talk by Zilhao et al.. Despite an embargo on new results from the Grotte de Rennes at Arcy sur Cure, France, Talamo et al. presented new chronological data from the site of Les Cottes, one of the only sites in Europe with a complete and defined sequence of the different archaeological cultures from late Middle Palaeolithic, Chatelperronian and Aurignacian- the earliest Upper Palaeolithic...

    Much more of interest.

  • Gibraltar

    Tue, 2012-09-11 11:57 -- John Hawks

    I've arrived in Gibraltar and am settling down after a fairly long travel. Here's the view to the west toward the Strait.

    Strait of Gibraltar

    I'm here for the Calpé conference on "The Human Niche", and hopefully I'll be able to do a bit of reporting on the proceedings. Meanwhile there are some interesting news items this week including a commentary of mine being released in PNAS, which dovetails incredibly well with a new commentary by Aylwyn Scally and Richard Durbin in Nature Genetics.

    A lower per-generation mutation rate estimate alters much about how we must explain the unfolding of human genetic variation during the last million years. This shift will have some very interesting archaeological and paleontological implications.

  • Shoelaces tied together

    Wed, 2012-05-23 09:53 -- John Hawks

    Zen Faulkes comments on last week's National Academies meeting on Science Communication: "Self-defeating prophecy".

    Here’s a screenshot of day two of the Sackler colloquia on science communication from the National Academy of Science, where the most diversity you see is in tie colour. (That John Holdren is a wild man. A coloured tie?)

    and

    I was disappointed that he showed as an example of the current state of the art in science communication. He includes someone who is dead (Sagan) and someone who isn’t a scientist (Gore). That’s our A list team? One, maybe two, living scientists as skilled communicators?

  • Killer apes

    Thu, 2012-04-19 09:43 -- John Hawks

    Kate Wong reports on chimpanzee and bonobo presentations at the AAPA meetings: "Why chimpanzees kill".

    As for the bonobos, [Michael Wilson's] study bolsters the claim that they are less aggressive than chimpanzees: there were no clear-cut homicides in any of the bonobo communities. Another presentation given at the meeting provided a possible clue to the apparent absence of male aggression among these apes: Victoria Wobber of Harvard University and her colleagues studied testosterone levels in chimpanzees and bonobos from infancy to adulthood and found that whereas chimpanzee testosterone levels surged during adolescence (particularly among males), bonobo testosterone production remained consistent over the course of development.

    The relationship between the number of local males and intergroup aggression must point to some interesting population dynamics, since the local sex ratio varies stochastically over time.

  • Our plenary session gets coverage

    Fri, 2012-04-13 15:22 -- John Hawks

    I don't have much time to come up for air this week, it's been an incredibly busy and exciting meeting so far. But I wanted to take a moment to pass along this link, in which Ann Gibbons describes last night's plenary session for Science: "Anthropological Casting Call".

    Paleoanthropologist John Hawks of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, explained that he organized the 12 April share-and-tell session of published fossils at the annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists because many members have never even seen casts of important fossils, including Lucy, the 3.1-million-year-old member of Au. afarensis. As he lined up three skulls that showed changes in the evolution of the members of the human family from 1.8 million to 1.6 million years ago, Hawks said that seeing the fossils is the best way to learn about human evolution. "There are people in this association who are responsible for teaching evolution in the U.S. who have not even seen a cast of Lucy," he said.

    What an incredible crowd we had -- at one point around 200 people, crowding around the biggest collection of fossil casts that has ever been assembled at the meetings. Here's a photo from my phone; I wish I had a wide-angle lens to get the entire crowd, as this is less than half of the room!

    Plenary cast session
  • A plenary of plenty

    Wed, 2012-04-11 00:41 -- John Hawks

    I've arrived in Portland, Oregon today for the annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. This is really a central highlight of the professional year for biological anthropologists like me, and it's always great to see old friends, to meet new ones, and to see the exciting work that many people are doing.

    It has been great for me today because almost everybody I've run into in the hallways has told me how interested and excited they are to see the AAPA Plenary Session this Thursday evening. "Plenary" means that nothing else is formally going on at the same time, so everyone at the conference can in principle attend. At many meetings, plenary sessions are stodgy affairs in which the hoopdedoos of the field stand up to pronounce their latest opinions in front of a captive audience. The AAPA has always done something different with the plenary session, giving an opportunity for the lighter side of science, sometimes entertainment, sometimes issues.

    This year, Karen Rosenberg approached me with an idea that is really different from anything the association has done before. Last year, the Institute of Human Evolution at the University of the Witswatersrand donated a set of casts of the Malapa hominin skeletons to the Association. It was a great act of generosity, but also a message about the importance of disseminating these materials to professional anthropologists. Over the past twenty years, we have been incredibly fortunate to recover a vast and growing hominin fossil record. Our traditional way of educating ourselves about these materials is to distribute casts, as pictures cannot really substitute for examining the physical form. But our distribution system has not kept up with the pace of discovery. Too many professional anthropologists today are teaching human evolution without ever having the chance to examine even casts of the materials. Karen asked, why couldn't we invite other people to bring casts of fossil specimens and have an open lab night for the association?

    I thought this was a really inspired idea, and I set at the project with all my Andy Hardy "Let's put on a show!" enthusiasm. It has been a lot of behind the scenes work, with the generous help of some people who have really gone beyond all expectations. As I gathered more participants, I really saw a spirit of openness that has emerged in institutions across the U.S. and on many continents. Some casts are being brought by meeting participants on behalf of international institutions, others are sending their own to the meetings specially for the session.

    The list of participants has become very impressive, including:

    • Kenya National Museums
    • National Museum of Georgia
    • Croatian National History Museum, and the Museum of the Krapina Neandertals
    • National History Museum, London
    • Turkana Basin Institute and Stony Brook University
    • Institute of Human Evolution and University of the Witswatersrand
    • Luigi Pigorini National Museum of Prehistory and Ethnography
    • Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
    • Boston University
    • University of Delaware
    • University of Kansas
    • University of Michigan
    • University of Oregon
    • University of Pennsylvania
    • University of Texas, Austin
    • University of Wisconsin-Madison

    I'm sure that I have forgotten some as I've been tabulating them, and I will continue to update as I add institutions for the online component of the session. As you can see, it's a great list, and right now I only wish I had time to have gotten materials from even more. If the session is a success, maybe the AAPA will make it a regular event, and we can bring even more materials. It really wasn't all that hard, once we got started.

    I really wanted to add to the session one other thing -- a way to connect the session to people who cannot attend the meeting. We can't bring casts everywhere, but I can highlight some of the public resources that exist online for sharing anthropological materials with other professionals and the public. I'll be highlighting a series of those resources here over the upcoming weeks, forming a continuing online exhibition to coordinate with the physical plenary session at the meetings.

    As you have probably noticed from the blog, I've been doing a lot of thinking lately about how to maximize the scientific value of conferences. How can we take a traditional conference and make it more useful for the participants, while broadening it to people who cannot attend? It's clear that our association has a professional need to make sure that human evolution and human biology are being communicated at institutions by experts who have seen the evidence. We can make the opportunities for this exchange of information. As an association we can do something to serve those institutions who cannot afford the newest and largest collections of materials themselves. And as I'll be featuring online resources, many of our institutions are already doing great work bringing photos and models of materials to students and the public.

    I hope that I can spread some of the excitement about what's going on now in human evolution. I don't know what to expect for a crowd in the room on Thursday evening, but if you're at the meetings, unless you're at one of the best-stocked cast laboratories in the country (and maybe even then) I can guarantee we've got some casts you haven't seen. I have some graduate students who are itching to help people learn about things, and hoping we can bring a real spirit of openness and learning to the session.

    Synopsis: 
    How we put together an open cast lab for the AAPA meetings in Portland

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Neandertals

For years, I've worked on their bones. Now I'm working on their genes. Read more about the science studying these ancient people.

Denisova

From a finger bone of an ancient human came the record of a completely unexpected population. My lab is working on the science of the Denisova genome.

Acceleration

The advent of agriculture caused natural selection to speed up greatly in humans. We're uncovering some of the ways that populations have rapidly changed during the last 10,000 years.

Malapa

Just outside Johannesburg, the Malapa site is producing some of the most exciting finds in human evolution. This site is the headquarters of the Malapa Soft Tissue Project.